Since early September 1939, the short peace period was over between two large wars of the twentieth century. Two years later, a majority of Europe with a huge manufacturing and raw material potential turned out to be under the rule of fascist Germany.

A powerful blow was wrapped on Soviet Unionfor which the great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The summary of this period in the history of the USSR cannot express the scale of the sufferings transferred by the Soviet people and the heroism.

On the eve of military testing

The revival of the power of Germany, dissatisfied with the results of the First World War (1914-1918), against the background of the aggressiveness of the party who came to power, headed by the racial superior Adolf Hitler, with its ideology, made a threat to the new war for the USSR more and more real. By the end of the 30s, these moods were increasingly penetrated into the people, it was more and more clearly understood and the all-grade leader of the huge country Stalin.

The country was preparing. People left for construction in the eastern part of the country, military plants were built in Siberia and in the Urals - Doubles of the manufacturers from Western borders. The defense industry was invested significantly more financial, human and scientific resources than in civilian. To increase the results of labor in cities and agriculture, ideological and stringent administrative means were used (repressive laws on discipline at factories and in collective farms).

The army reform was the adoption of the Law on Universal Military Responsibilities (1939), an ubiquitous military training was introduced. It is in rifle, parachute circles, in the airluts at Osoaviahima began to study the military affair of future soldiers-heroes of the Patriotic War of 1941-1945. New military schools opened, developed newest species Arms, progressive type combat compounds were formed: armored and airborne airborne. But time was not enough, combat readiness soviet troops It was in many ways lower than the Wehrmacht - Army of Fascist Germany.

Great harm brought suspicion of Stalin in relation to the power ambitions of the highest commander. It resulted in monstrous repression, twisted to two thirds of the officer corps. There is a version of the planned provocation of German military intelligence, substituted under the blow of many heroes civil Warwho are victims of cleaning.

Foreign policy factors

Stalin and leaders of countries wishing to limit European hegemony Hitler (England, France, USA) could not create a single anti-fascist front before the war. The Soviet leader in the desire to postpone the war tried to contact Hitler. This led to the signing in 1939 by the Soviet-German Covenant (agreement) on non-fire, which also did not contribute to the approach of antihytler forces.

As it turned out, the leadership of the country was mistaken relative to the value of a peace agreement with Hitler. On June 22, 1941, Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe without the announcement of the war attacked the Western borders of the USSR throughout. It became a complete surprise for Soviet troops and a strong shock for Stalin.

Tragic experience

In 1940, Hitler was approved by the Barbarossa plan. According to this plan on the defeat of the USSR, the seizure of his capital was given to three year old months. And at first the plan was performed with accuracy. All participants in the war remember almost the hopeless mood of the mid-summer of 1941. 5.5 million German soldiers against 2.9 million Russians, total superiority in arms - and in a month Belarus, Baltic States, Moldova, almost all of Ukraine are captured. Losses of Soviet troops - 1 million killed, 700 thousand prisoners.

The superiority of the Germans in the skill of the management of troops was noticeable - the military experience of the army, who had already had half of Europe had already affected. Skillful maneuvers surround and destroyed whole groups in Smolensk, Kiev, in the Moscow direction, begins the blockade of Leningrad. Stalin is dissatisfied with the actions of his commander and resorts to the usual repression - the commanded by the Western Front commanded the treason.

War of people

And yet, Hitler's plans collapsed. The USSR quickly rose to military rails. Created a bid of the Supreme Commands for the management of armies and the unified management body of the entire country - the State Defense Committee, headed by the All-Fusion Chief of Stalin.

Hitler believed that the Stalinist methods of leadership of the country, illegal repressions regarding the intelligentsia, military, wealthy peasants and wholes will cause the collapse of the state, the appearance of the "fifth column" - as he was accustomed to Europe. But he calculated.

Hate the invaders of a man in the trenches, women from the machines, old men and little children. Wars of this scale affect the fate of each person, and universal voltage of forces is required for victory. The victims for the sake of common victory were brought not only because of ideological motivations, but also due to congenital patriotism that had roots and in pre-revolutionary history.

Battle near Moscow

The first serious disgrace received under Smolensky. Heroic efforts on the capital was detained there before September.

By October, the tanks with crosses on the armor go to Moscow, having the purpose of the seizure of the Soviet capital before the onset of cold weather. The most difficult time during the years of the Great Patriotic War has come. Moscow is declared siege (10/19/1941).

In history, the military parade will forever remain in the anniversary of the October Revolution (07.11.1941) as a symbol of confidence that Moscow will be able to defend. The troops and left Red Square directly to the front, which was 20 kilometers west.

An example of the resistance of Soviet soldiers was the feat of 28 redarmeys from the division of General Panfilov. For 4 hours, they detained a group of breakthrough from 50 tanks at the Dubosek road and died, destroying 18 combat vehicles. These heroes of the Patriotic War (1941-1945) are only a small part of the immortal regiment of the Russian army. Such a self-sacrifice gave rise to an enemy doubt in victory, strengthening the courage defending.

Recalling the event of the war, commanded by Moscow by the Western Front Marshal Zhukov, whom Stalin began to nominate for the first roles, always noted the decisive importance of the defense of the capital to achieve the victory in May 1945. Any delay in the enemy army gave the opportunity to save the power for the counterdad: the fresh parts of the Siberian garrisons were transferred to Moscow. Hitler did not plan to conduct war in winter, the Germans began problems with the supply of troops. By the beginning of December, there was a fracture in the battle for the Russian capital.

Native turn

Unexpected for Hitler The offensive of the Red Army (December 5, 1941) discarded the Germans for a half hundreds of versts to the west. The army of fascists suffered the first defeat in its history, the platform of the victorious war failed.

The offensive continued until April 1942, but before irreversible changes during the war there were far: large lesions were followed under Leningrad, Kharkov, in the Crimea, the fascists came to the Volga under Stalingrad.

When historians of any country mention the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945), the summary of its events does not do without the Stalingrad battle. It is at the walls of the city who wears the name of the sworn enemy Hitler, he received a blow that brought him in the end to the collapse.

The defense of the city often walked in hand, for each block of the territory. War participants celebrate an unprecedented number of human and technical means attracted from both sides and burned in the fire of the Battle of Battle. The Germans are lost a quarter of troops - one and a half million bayonets, 2 million are our losses.

Unprecedented persistence of Soviet soldiers in defense and uncontrolling rage in the offensive together with the increased tactical skill of the command provided the environment and capture of 22 divisions of the 6th Army of Feldmarshal Paulus. The results of the second military winter shocked Germany and the whole world. The history of the war of 1941-1945 changed the move, it became clear that the USSR would not only endured the first blow, but also inevitably strike a powerful retaliatory strike.

The final stage of the fracture in war

Several examples of the colonical talent of the Soviet command contains the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The summary of the 1943 events is a series of impressive Russian victories.

Spring of 1943 began with Soviet offensive in all directions. The configuration of the front line has raised the surroundings of the Soviet army in the Kursk region. The Offensive Operation of the Germans called "Citadel" had this particular strategic goal, but the command of the Red Army was provided for reinforced defense in the places of the alleged breakthrough, at the same time preparing reserves for counteroffensive.

The German offensive at the beginning of July managed to break through the Soviet defense only sites to a depth of up to 35 km. The history of war (1941-1945) knows the date of the beginning of the largest oncoming battle of combat self-propelled machines. Room July Day, 12 numbers, in the steppes under the village of Prokhorovka began the battle of the crews of 1,200 tanks. The Germans - the newest "Tiger" and "Panther", among the Russians - T-34 with a new, more powerful cannon. The defeat, inflicted by the Germans, knocked out offensive weapons of motorized buildings from Hitler's hands, and the fascist army moved into strategic defense.

By the end of August 1943, Belgorod, Eagle, was dismissed, and Kharkov was released. For the first time in the years, the initiative seized the Red Army. Now german generals It was to guess where she starts fighting.

In the penultimate military year, historians allocate 10 decisive operations, which led to the liberation of the territory captured by the enemy. Until 1953, they were called "10 Stalin's blows."

Great Patriotic War (1941-1945): a summary of 1944 military operations

Removing the Leningrad blockade (January 1944).
January-April 1944: Korsun-Shevchenkovskaya operation, successful fights on the right bank of Ukraine, March 26 - access to the border with Romania.
Crimea's liberation (May 1944).
The defeat of Finland in Karelia, getting it out of the war (June-August 1944).
The offensive of the four fronts in Belarus (Operation "Bagration").
July-August - Fights in Western Ukraine, Lviv-Sandomira operation.
Yaszo-Chishene operation, defeat 22 divisions, withdrawal from Romania and Bulgaria (August 1944).
Assistance to Yugoslav Partizanam I.B. Tito (September 1944).
Liberation of the Baltic (July-October of the same year).
October - the liberation of the Soviet Porcerer and Northeast of Norway.

End of enemy occupation

By the beginning of November, the territory of the USSR in the pre-war borders was released. The period of occupation for the peoples of Belarus and Ukraine has ended. Today's political conjuncture makes some "figures" to present German occupation almost as good. It is worth asking about this from the Belarusians who have lost from the actions of "civilized Europeans" of each fourth.

Not in vain from the first days of an ingenic invasion on the captured territories began to operate guerrillas. The war of 1941-1945 in this sense was the echo of the year, when other European invaders did not know peace on our territory.

Liberation of Europe

The European liberation campaign demanded an unthinkable cost of human and military resources from the USSR. Hitler, who did not allow and thoughts that soviet soldier Entry to German land, he gave all possible forces into battle, put the old men and children under guns.

The course of the final stage of war can be traced by the name of the awards established by the Soviet government. Soviet soldiers, liberators received such medals of the 1941-1945: for (20.10.1944), Warsaw (7.01.1945), Prague (May 9), for taking Budapest (February 13), Königsberg (April 10), Vienna (13 April). Finally, the servicemen were awarded to Berlin's assault (May 2).

... and came May. The victory was marked by signing on May 8 Act on the unconditional surrender of the troops of Germany, and on June 24 a parade was held with the participation of representatives of all fronts, species and childbirth of the troops.

a great victory

Hitler's adventure cost mankind very expensive. There are still arguing about the exact number of human losses. Restoration of destroyed cities, the establishment of the farm demanded many years of stubborn work, hunger and deprivation.

In different ways, the results of the war are now also evaluated. Geopolitical changes that occurred after 1945 had different consequences. Territorial acquisitions of the Soviet Union, the emergence of the socialist camp, strengthening the political weight of the USSR to the status of the superpower soon led to the confrontation and growth of tensions between allies in the Second World War.

But the main results are not subject to any audit, do not depend on the opinions of politicians seeking immediate benefits. In the Great Patriotic War, our country defended freedom and independence, was defeated by a terrible enemy - a carrier of monstrous ideology, threatened by the destruction of whole nations, the peoples of Europe were delighted with him.

The participants of the battles go to the story, the children of war are already the elderly, but the memory of that war will live, while people can appreciate freedom, honesty and courage.

The opposition of the Russian people of the aggression of Germany and other countries, striving to establish a "new world order". This war has become a fighting of two opposing civilizations, in which the Western World set it to the complete destruction of Russia - the USSR as the state and the nation, the seizure of the considerable part of its territories and education at the rest of its parties subject to the Germany. To war against Russia, Germany pushed the Jewish-Masonic regimes of the United States and England, who seen in Hitler to the instrument of their plans of world domination and destruction of Russia.

June 22, 1941 German Armed Forces consisting of 103 divisions, including 10 tanks, invaded the territory of Russia. The total number of them numbered five and a half million people, of which more than 900 thousand were the military personnel of the Western allies of Germany - Italians, Spaniards, French, Dutch, Finns, Romanians, Hungarians, and others. This treacherous Western International was granted 4300 tanks and assault , 4980 combat aircraft, 47200 guns and mortars.

The Russian Armed Forces opposing the aggressor of the Russian Armed Forces of the five Western cross-border military districts and three fleets were twice the enemy in a living force, and in the first echelon of our armies there were only 56 rifle and cavalry divisions, which were difficult to hide with the tank corps of the Germans. The aggressor had a big advantage of artillery, tanks and aircraft of the latest designs.

According to the nationality, more than 90% of opposing Germany, the Soviet Army amounted to Russians (Velikorsosa, Malorods and Belarusians), why it could be called the Russian army without exaggeration, which does not diminish the settlement of the contribution and other nations of Russia into opposition to the general enemy.

Verto, without a declaration of war, focusing in the direction of blows overwhelming superiority, the aggressor broke through the defense of the Russian troops, seized the strategic initiative and domination in the air. The enemy occupied the considerable part of the country, advanced to 300 - 600 km.

On June 23, the main command was created (from August 6 - the bid of the Supreme Command). All the fullness of the authorities focused in the state defense committee created on June 30 (GKO). From August 8, I.V. Stalin became the Supreme Commander. He gathered around himself outstanding Russian commander G. K. Zhukov, S. K. Tymoshenko, B. M. Shaposhnikova, A. M. Vasilevsky, K. K. Rokossovsky, N. F. Vatutina, A. I. Eremenko, to . A. MERETSKOV, I. \u200b\u200bS. Koneva, I. D. Chernyakhovsky and many others. In his public speeches, Stalin makes a bet on the sense of patriotism of the Russian people, calls for him to follow the example of heroic ancestors. The main military events of the summer-autumn campaign 1941 were the Smolensk battle, the defense of Leningrad and the beginning of his blockade, the military catastrophe of the Soviet troops in Ukraine, the defense of Odessa, the beginning of the defense of Sevastopol, the loss of Donbass, the defensive period of the Moscow battle. The Russian army retreated 850-1200 km, but the enemy was stopped at the main directions near Leningrad, Moscow and Rostov and switched to defense.

The winter campaign of 1941-42 began a countertime of Russian troops in the Western Strategic Direction. In the course of it, a counterattack under Moscow, Lyuban, Rzhevskoy-Vyazemskaya, Burvenkovsko-Lozovskaya and landing Kerch-Feodosian operations were carried out. The Russian troops took off the threat to Moscow and the North Caucasus, facilitated the position of Leningrad, fully or partially liberated the territory of 10 regions, as well as over 60 cities. The strategy "Blitzkrig" collapsed. About 50 enemy divisions were defeated. Patriotism of Russian people played a major role in the defeat of the enemy, which was widely manifested from the first days of war. Thousands of folk heroes like A. Matrosov and 3. Kosmodemyanskaya, hundreds of thousands of partisans in the rear of the enemy Already in the first months, the moral spirit of the aggressor is strongly folded.

In the summer-autumn campaign 1942, the main military events unfolded on the southwest direction: the defeat of the Crimean front, the military catastrophe of the Soviet troops in the Kharkiv operation, Voronezh-Voroshilovgradskaya, Donbass, Stalingrad defensive operations, the battle in the North Caucasus. In the north-western direction, the Russian army held the Demyan and Rzhev-Sychev offensive operations. The enemy has advanced by 500 - 650 km, went to the Volga, seized part of the passes of the main Caucasian ridge. The territory was occupied, where 42% of the population lived before the war, a third of gross products were produced, there were more than 45% of the sowing areas. The economy was translated into military rails. A large number of enterprises were relocated to the eastern regions of the country (only in the 2nd half of 1941-2593, including 1.523 large), 2,3 million was taken out of cattle. In the 1st half of the year 1942, 10 thousand aircraft were released, 11 thousand tanks, OK. 54 thousand guns. In the 2nd half of the year, their release has increased by more than 1.5 times.

In the winter campaign, 1942 - 43, the main military events were the Stalingrad and North Caucasian offensive operations, breakthrough of Leningrad blockades. The Russian army has advanced to the West for 600 - 700 km, freeing the territory of more than 480 thousand square meters. km, defeated 100 divisions (40% of the enemy forces on the Soviet-German front). In the summer-autumn campaign 1943, the decisive event was a Kursk battle. Guerrillas played an important role (Operation "Rail War"). During the battle, 38 thousand settlements were released for Dnipro, including 160 cities; With the capture of strategic bridgeheads on the Dnieper, the conditions for the offensive in Belarus are created. In the battle for Dnipro, partisans conducted a "concert" operation to destroy the communities of the enemy. In other directions, Smolensk and Bryansk offensive operations were carried out. The Russian army passed with battles to 500 - 1300 km, crushed 218 divisions.

In the winter campaign 1943 - 44, the Russian army held an offensive in Ukraine (10 simultaneous and consecutive front operations united by a common intention). Completed the defeat of the Army Group "South", went abroad with Romania and moved the fighting on its territory. Almost simultaneously unfolded by the Leningrad-Novgorod offensive operation; Leningrad was finally discharged. As a result of the Crimean operation, Crimea was liberated. Russian troops advanced to the West for 250 - 450 km, freed ok. 300 thousand square meters km of territory, published on the state border with Czechoslovakia.

In June 1944, when the United States and England realized that Russia could win in war and without their participation, they opened the 2nd front in France. This worsened the military-political position of Germany. In the summer-autumn campaign 1944, Russian troops held the Belarusian, Lviv-Sandomir, East Carpathian, Yasno-Chishentine, Baltic, Debrecensky, East-Carpathian, Belgrade, partially Budapest and Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operations. The liberation of Belarus, Malororsia and Baltic (except for some regions of Latvia) was completed, partly Czechoslovakia, forced to surrender and entered into war against Germany Romania and Hungary, were released from the occupiers of the Soviet Polar, and the Northern Regions of Norway.

The 1945 campaign in Europe included the East Prussian, Vistul-Oder, the completion of Budapest, East Pomeranian, Lower Silesian, Viennese, West Carpathian, Vienna and Berlin Operations, which ended with the unconditional surrender of fascist Germany. After the Berlin Operation, Russian troops together with the 2nd army of the Polish troops, the 1st and 4th Romanian armies and the 1st Czechoslovak Corps held a Prague operation.

The victory in the war strongly raised the spirit of the Russian people, contributed to the growth of his national self-consciousness and faith in his own strength. As a result of Victory, Russia returned to himself most of what was rejected by her as a result of the revolution (except Finland and Poland). It was returned to the historical Russian lands in Galicia, Bukovina, Bessarabia, etc. Most of the Russian people (including Malorusov and Belarusians) again became one in one state, which created the prerequisites for the compounds of them in a single church. The fulfillment of this historical task was the main positive result of the war. The victory of Russian weapons created favorable conditions for Slavic unity. At some stage, Slavic countries united with Russia in something like a fraternal federation. The peoples of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia for some period aware of how important the Slavic world to keep together in the fight against the encroachment of the West to Slavic lands.

At the initiative of Russia, Poland received Silesia and a significant part of Eastern Prussia, from which the city of Königsberg with the surrounding territory passed into the possession of the Russian state, and Czechoslovakia returned to the Sudechean region seized Germany earlier.

The great mission to save humanity from the "New World Order" was given to Russia with a huge price: the Russian people and fraternal peoples of our Fatherland paid for these 47 million people (including direct and indirect losses), of which about 37 million people were actually Russian (including Malororsov and Belarusians).

Most of all died not by the military, directly participating in hostilities, but civilians, the civilian population of our country. The irrevocable losses of the Russian army (killed who died from the Russian Academy of Sciences, missing, who died in captivity) make up 8 million 668 thousand 400 people. The remaining 35 million is the lives of civilians. During the war years, about 25 million people were evacuated. In the territory occupied by Germany, it turned out to be about 80 million people, or about 40% of the population of our country. All these people became "objects" to implement the nuclear-naochetical program "OST", were brutally repressions, sitting from the Germans organized by Germans. About 6 million people were grieved in German slavery, many of them died from unbearable conditions of existence.

As a result of the war, the genetic foundation was significantly undermined by the Genetic Fund of the most active and viable part of the population, because it was primarily the strongest and energetic members of society, capable of giving the most valuable offspring. In addition, due to falling fertility, a dozen million future citizens missed the country.

The huge price of victory is harder for the whole on the shoulders of the Russian people (including Maloros and Belarusians), because the main fighting was carried out at its ethnic territories and it was to him the enemy was especially cruel and merciless.

In addition to the tremendous human losses, our country has proven tremendous material damage. No country in his entire history and in World War II had such losses and barbaric destruction from aggressors, which collapsed on Great Russia. The general material losses of Russia in world prices amounted to more than a three million dollars (US National Income for several years).

The Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 - War of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics against Nazi Germany and its allies (Bulgaria, Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Finland, Croatia); Decisive part of World War II.

In Russian historical literature, the Great Patriotic War is customary to divide for three periods:

(First (initial) from June 22, 1941 to November 18, 1942 (the Red Army leaves a large territory, heavier defensive battles led, the first major defeat of the Hitler's troops near Moscow, the breakdown of Blitzkrieg);

II period (the period of the indigenous fracture in the war) from November 19, 1942 to the end of 1943 (the Nazis were defeated under Stalingrad, on the Kursk Arc, in the North Caucasus, on the Dnieper);

III period (final) from January 1944 to May 8, 1945 (liberation of Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Crimea, Baltic States, restoration of the state border of the USSR, the liberation of the peoples of Europe and the defeat of the Hitler coalition);

On June 22, 1941, the invasion of Germany began in the USSR. Early in the morning after artillery and aviation training, German troops crossed the border of the USSR.

On June 22, at 12 o'clock in the afternoon, Molotov spoke on the radio with the official appeal to the USSR citizens, informing German attack on the USSR and declaring the beginning of the Patriotic War.

Battle for Moscow(September 30, 1941 - April 20, 1942) - the fighting of Soviet and German troops in the Moscow direction. It is divided into 2 periods: defensive (September 30 - December 4, 1941) and offensive (December 5, 1941-20, 1942). At the first stage, the Soviet troops of the Western Front stopped the offensive of the army of the Center for the Army. In the course of defensive battles, the enemy was significantly bleeding. On December 5-6, the Soviet troops moved into counteroffensive, and on January 7-10, 1942, the overall offensive was deployed on the entire front. In January-April 1942, the troops of Western, Kalininskoro, the Bryansky and North-Western fronts were defeated by the enemy and discarded it at 100 -250 km. The Moscow battle was of great importance: the myth of the invincibility of the German army was dispelled, the international situation of the USSR was strengthened.

Defense Sevastopol And the battle for Crimea (September 12, 1941 - July 9, 1942) - the fighting of Soviet and German troops in the Crimea during the Great Patriotic War. The German fascist troops invaded the Crimea on October 20, 1941 and after 10 days came to the outskirts of Sevastopol. The persistent defense of Sevastopol began, field fortifications were created during the fighting. After stubborn battles, there are serious losses, the Germans from November 21 ceased frontal attacks and moved to the siege of the city. On the morning of June 7, the opponent began a decisive attack throughout the perimeter of defense. The struggle continued until July 9. The 250-day defense of Sevastopol, despite its tragic end, showed the unityless degradability of the Russian soldier and sailor to the whole world.

Stalingrad battle 1942 - 1943 Defensive (July 17 - November 18, 1942) and offensive (November 19, 1942 - February 2, 1943) Operations conducted by Soviet troops for the defense of Stalingrad and defeated in the Stalingrad direction of the major strategic group of the enemy. In defensive battles in the Stalingrad area and in the very city of the Stalinard Front and the Don Front, the onset of the 6th Army of Colonel-General F. Poules and the 4th tank Army. The cost of great efforts by the command of the Soviet troops managed not only to stop the promotion of German troops in Stalingrad, but also to collect significant forces to the beginning of the counteroffensiveness. On November 20, the troops of the South-Western Front, Stalingrad and Don Fronts were transferred to the offensive and surrounded in the region of Stalingrad 22 of the Division. Relaxing in December, an opponent's attempt to release surrounded by group, Soviet troops eliminated it. January 31 - February 2, 1943, the remnants of the enemy army surrendered to captivity. The victory near Stalingrad marked the beginning of a rooted penalty during the Great Patriotic War and Second World War.

Operation "Spark" - Offensive operation of the Soviet troops during the Great Patriotic War, held from January 12 to January 30, 1943 for the purpose of the Blockade of Leningrad. Leningrad's blockade is a military blockade by German troops during the Great Patriotic War Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). Lost from September 8, 1941 to January 27, 1944 (the blockade ring was broken on January 18, 1943) - 872 days. On the night of January 12, the Soviet bombers brought a massive blow to the enemy's positions in the breakthrough band, as well as on airfields and railway nodes in the rear. On January 13-17, the battles took a protracted and fierce character. The enemy had a stubborn resistance, relying on numerous defense nodes. On January 18, Leningrad blocade was broken.

Kursk battle 1943, defensive and offensive operations conducted by Soviet troops in the Kursk area for the breakdown of the major onset of German. The German command after defeating his troops near Stalingrad, it was assumed to carry out a large offensive operation in the Kursk region. The Soviet command launched a task to repel the adversary on the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts. The opponent's offensive began on July 5th. July 12, there was a fracture during the battle. On this day, in the area of \u200b\u200bProkhorovka, the most large-scale counter-tank battle in the history occurred. From July 12, a new stage began in the Kursk battle, during which the counteroffensiveness of Soviet troops developed. The main outcome of the battle was the transition of German troops to strategic defense. In the Great Patriotic and World War II, the root fracture was completed, started by the Battle of Stalingrad.

Belarusian operation (June 23 - August 29, 1944). Code name - Operation "Bagration". One of the largest strategic offensive operations undertaken by the Soviet top command with the aim of defeating the German-fascist group of the Army Center and the liberation of Belarus. According to the nature of the fighting and the achievement of the tasks, the operation is divided into two stages. In the course of the operation, Lithuania and Latvia were partially liberated. On July 20, the Red Army entered into the territory of Poland and on August 17 came to the borders of East Prussia. By August 29, she joined Warsaw outdoors.

Berlin Operation 1945 The final strategic offensive operation, conducted by the Soviet troops on April 16 - May 8, 1945, the goals of the operation were the defeat of the grouping of German troops, defended on the Berlin direction, mastering Berlin and exit to the Elbe for connecting to the allied troops. By the nature of the tasks performed and the results, the Berlin operation is divided into 3 stages. 1st stage - a breakthrough of the Oder-Neissensky border of the enemy defense (April 16 - 19); The 2nd stage is the environment and dismemberment of the enemy's troops (April 19 - 25); The 3rd stage is the destruction of surrounded groups and the capture of Berlin (April 26 - May 8). The main goals of the operation were achieved in 16 - 17 days.

At 22 43 minutes in central European time, on May 8, the war in Europe ended with unconditional surrender armed Forces Germany. The fighting continued 1418 days. Nevertheless, taking the surrender, the Soviet Union did not sign the world with Germany, that is, formally remained with Germany in a state of war. War with Germany was formally ended on January 25, 1955 by publishing the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Decree "On the termination of the state of war between the Soviet Union and Germany"

22 June 1941 Year - the beginning of the Great Patriotic War

On June 22, 1941 at 4 am, without declaring war, fascist Germany and its allies attacked the Soviet Union. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War fell not just on Sunday. It was the church holiday of all saints, in the land of the Russian she who.

Parts of the Red Army were attacked by German troops throughout the border. Bombarders were subjected to Riga, Window, Libava, Schauliai, Kaunas, Vilnius, Grodno, Lida, Volkovysk, Brest, Kobrin, Slonim, Baranovichi, Bobruisk, Zhytomyr, Kiev, Sevastopol and many other cities, railway junctions, airfields, USSR naval databases The artillery shelling of border fortifications and distlocation areas of Soviet troops near the border from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathians were carried out. The Great Patriotic War began.

Then no one knew that in the history of mankind she would be included as the most bloody. No one guessed that the Soviet people would go through inhuman tests, pass and defeat. Raise the world from fascism, showing everyone that the spirit of the Red Army soldier is not given to break the invaders. Nobody could assume that the names of the city-heroes will be known to the world that Stalingrad will become a symbol of the persistence of our people, Leningrad - a symbol of courage, Brest - a symbol of courage. What, on a par with warriors, the land from the fascist plague of the heroic will protect the old men, women and children.

1418 days and nights of the war.

Over 26 million human lives ...

These photos unites one thing: they are made in the first hours and the days of the beginning of the Great Patriotic.

On the eve of the war

Soviet border guards in the dosor. The photo is interested in the fact that it was made for the newspaper on one of the removal on the Western border of the USSR on June 20, 1941, that is, two days before the war.

Next German aviation

The first hit the border guards and fighters of cover parts. They not only defended, but also passed into counterattacks. A whole month in the rear of the Germans fought a garrison of the Brest Fortress. Even after the enemy managed to master the fortress, its separate defenders continued to resist. The last one was captured by the Germans in the summer of 1942.

The picture was made on 06/24/1941.

For the first 8 hours of war, the Soviet aviation lost 1200 aircraft, of which about 900 were lost on earth (66 airfields were bombarded). The greatest losses of the Western Special Military District - 738 aircraft (528 on Earth). Having learned about such losses, the head of the District Air Force General Major Copets I.I. Shot.

On the morning of June 22, the Moscow radio passed the usual Sundays and peaceful music. Soviet citizens learned about the beginning of the war only at noon, when Vyacheslav Molotov spoke on the radio. He said: "Today, at 4 o'clock in the morning, without presenting any claims to the Soviet Union, without declaring the war, German troops attacked our country."

Poster 1941.

On the same day, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the mobilization of the military-rich 1905-1918 births on the territory of all military districts was published. Hundreds of thousands of men and women received the agenda, were in the military registration and enlistment office, and then they went to the front at the front.

The mobilization capabilities of the Soviet system, multiplied during the Great Patriotic War for Patriotism and the sacrifice of the people, played an important role in organizing energies, especially at the initial stage of war. Call "Everything for the front, everything for victory!" Was perceived by all the people. Hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens voluntarily went to the existing army. Over the week since the beginning of the war, over 5 million people were mobilized.

The line between the world and the war was invisible, and the change of reality people perceived not immediately. It seemed to many that this is just some kind of masquerade, misunderstanding and soon everything will be resolved.

Stubborn resistance Fascist troops met in battles near Minsk, Smolensk, Vladimir-Volynsky, Mamolemb, Lutsk, Dubno, Rivne, Mogilev, etc.And yet, in the first three weeks of the war, the troops of the Red Army left Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, a significant part of Ukraine and Moldova. Six days after the start of the war, Pal Minsk. The German army has advanced in various directions from 350 to 600 km. The Red Army lost almost 800 thousand people.

The turning point in the perception of the residents of the Soviet Union of the War, of course, became August 14 . It was then that the whole country suddenly learned that the Germans occupied Smolensk . It really was thunder among the clear sky. While the battles went "somewhere there, in the West," and the city flashed in the reports, the location of which many could imagine with great difficulty, it seemed that all the same, the war was still far away. Smolensk is not just the name of the city, this word meant a lot. First, it is already more than 400 km from the border, secondly, only 360 km to Moscow. And thirdly, in contrast to all sorts of wine, Grodno and Molodechno, Smolensk is an ancient purely Russian city.

The resistance of the Red Army in the summer of 1941 disrupted Hitler's plans. The fascists failed to quickly take any Moscow nor Leningrad, and since September the long defense of Leningrad begins. In Polar, the Soviet troops in cooperation with the Northern Fleet defended Murmansk and the main database of the fleet - polar. Although in Ukraine in October - November, the opponent seized Donbass, she mastered Rostov, broke into the Crimea, nevertheless, and here his troops were sought by the defense of Sevastopol. The connections of the Army Group "South" could not through the Kerch Strait to reach the rear of the Soviet troops remaining in the lower reaches of Don.

Minsk 1941. Execution of Soviet prisoners of war

September 30th within operations "Typhoon" Germans began general attack on Moscow . Its beginning was unfavorable for Soviet troops. Pali Bryansk and Vyazma. October 10, the commander of the Western Front was appointed G.K. Zhukov. October 19, Moscow was declared in siege. In bloody fights, the Red Army still managed to stop the enemy. Strengthening the "Center" armies group, the German command in mid-November resumed an offensive to Moscow. Overcoming the resistance of the Western, Kalinin and right wing of the South-Western fronts, the strike groups of the enemy went around the city from the north and south and by the end of the month they went to the Moscow-Volga channel (25-30 km from the capital), approached Kashira. On this, German offensive choked. The explosion group of the Army Center "Center" was forced to go to defense, which also contributed to the successful offensive operations of the Soviet troops near Tikhvin (November 10 - December 30) and Rostov (November 17 - December 2). December 6 began counteroffensive red army As a result of which the enemy was discarded from Moscow at 100 - 250 km. Kaluga, Kalinin (Tver), Maloyaroslavets, etc. were liberated.

On guard of Moscow sky. Autumn 1941

The victory near Moscow had a huge strategic and moral and political importance, since she was the first since the beginning of the war.The immediate threat to Moscow was liquidated.

Although as a result of the summer-autumn campaign, our army moved to 850 - 1200 km deep into the country, and in the hands of the aggressor, the most important economic areas were the plans of Blitzkrieg. The Nazi leadership was before the inevitable prospect of a protracted war. The victory near Moscow has also changed the placement of forces in the international arena. The Soviet Union began to look at how the decisive factor of the Second World War. Japan was forced to refrain from the attack on the USSR.

In the winter of the Red Army, there was an offensive on other fronts. However, consolidated success failed primarily due to spraying forces and means at the front of a huge length.

During the offensive of German troops in May 1942, in 10 days, the Crimean Front was defeated on the Kerch Peninsula. May 15 I had to leave Kerch, and July 4, 1942 After stubborn defense fell Sevastopol. The enemy completely mastered the Crimea. In July - August, Rostov, Stavropol and Novorossiysk were captured. Stubborn battles were conducted in the central part of the Caucasian ridge.

Hundreds of thousands of our compatriots turned out to be more than 14 thousand concentration camps, prisons, ghetto scattered throughout Europe. The scale of tragedy is evidenced by impassive numbers: only in Russia, the fascist invaders shot, stirred in gas chambers, burned, hung 1,7 million. Man (including 600 thousand children). In total, about 5 million Soviet citizens died in concentration camps.

But, despite the stubborn battles, the fascists failed to solve their main task - to break through in the Transcaucasus to master the oil reserves Baku. At the end of September, the offensive of the fascist troops in the Caucasus was stopped.

To deterrence the enemy Natius in the Eastern direction, the Stalingrad Front was created under the command of Marshal S.K. Tymoshenko. On July 17, 1942, an opponent under the command of General Background Paulus inflicted a powerful blow to the Stalingrad Front. In August, the fascists in stubborn battles broke through the Volga. Since the beginning of September 1942, the heroic defense of Stalingrad began. The battles were literally for each place of the Earth, for each house. Both sides carried colossal losses. By mid-November, the fascists were forced to stop the offensive. The heroic resistance of the Soviet troops made it possible to create favorable conditions for the transition of them into a counteroffensive under Stalingrad and thereby putting the start of the indigenous transference during the war.

By November 1942, almost 40% of the population was in German occupation. The regions captured by the Germans submitted to the military and civil administration. In Germany, a special ministry was established in the case of occupied regions headed by A. Rosenberg. Political supervision was provided by the SS and Police services. In places, the invaders have formed the so-called self-government - urban and district councils, the posts were introduced in the villages. Persons dissatisfied with the Soviet authorities were involved in cooperation. All residents of the occupied territories, not looking at age, were obliged to work. In addition, they participated in the construction of roads and defensive structures, they were forced to neutralize the mine fields. The civilian population, mainly youth, was also sent for forced work to Germany, where they were called "Ostarabeiter" and used as cheap labor. In total during the war years, 6 million people were hijacked. More than 6.5 million people were destroyed from hunger and epidemics in the occupied territory, more than 11 million Soviet citizens were shot in camps and at the place of residence.

November 19, 1942 Soviet troops switched to counteroffensive under Stalingrad (Operation "Uranus"). The structures of the Red Army were surrounded by 22 divisions and 160 separate parts of the Wehrmacht (about 330 thousand people). The Hitler's command has formed a group of the Don Army as part of 30 divisions and tried to break through the environment. However, this attempt was not crowned with success. In December, our troops, defeating this grouping, began an offensive on Rostov (Saturn Operation). By the beginning of February 1943, our troops eliminated the grouping of the fascist troops that were in the ring. 91 thousand people led by the commander of the 6th German army of General - Field Marshal von Paulus, headed by the commander of the 6th German army. Behind 6.5 months of the Battle of Stalingrad (July 17, 1942 - February 2, 1943) Germany and its allies lost up to 1.5 million people, as well as a huge amount of technology. The military power of fascist Germany was significantly undermined.

The defeat near Stalingrad caused a deep political crisis in Germany. Three-day mourning was announced in it. Fell the fighting spirit of German soldiers, the affected moods covered the broad layers of the population, which less believed to the Führer.

The victory of the Soviet troops near Stalingrad marked the beginning of a native fired during World War II. The strategic initiative finally passed into the hands of the Soviet Armed Forces.

In January-February 1943, the Red Army is offensive on all fronts. In the Caucasian direction, Soviet troops advanced by the summer of 1943 by 500 - 600 km. In January 1943, Leningrad blocade was broken.

The command of the Wehrmacht planned in the summer of 1943 Conduct a large strategic offensive operation in the Kursk Region (Operation "Citadel") , defeat the Soviet troops here, and then strike into the rear of the South-Western Front (Operation "Panther") and subsequently, developing success, to re-establish a threat to Moscow. To this end, up to 50 divisions, including 19 tank and motorized, and other parts are only over 900 thousand people, were concentrated in the Kursk Arc area. This group was opposed by the troops of the Central and Voronezh fronts, who had 1.3 million people. During the battle, the largest tank battle of the Second World War took place during the Battle of the Kursk Dug.

From July 5, 1943, a massive offensive of Soviet troops began. Within 5 - 7 days, our troops, stubbornly defending it, stopped the enemy, stunned by 10 - 35 km behind the front line, and moved to counteroffensive. It started July 12 in the area of \u200b\u200bProkhorovka where the oncoming tank battle in the history of wars occurred (with the participation of up to 1,200 tanks on both sides). In August 1943, our troops mastered the eagle and Belgorod. In honor of this victory in Moscow for the first time, the salute of the 12th artillery volley was produced. Continuing the offensive, our troops caused a crushing defeat.

In September, left-bank Ukraine and Donbass were liberated. On November 6, the compounds of the 1st Ukrainian Front entered Kiev.

Throwing the enemy by 200 - 300 km from Moscow, the Soviet troops began to liberate Belarus. From that moment on, our command kept the strategic initiative until the end of the war. From November 1942 to December 1943, the Soviet Army has advanced to the West by 500 - 1300 km, freeing about 50% of the territory occupied by the opponent. 218 divisions of the enemy were defeated. During this period, the Enemy's big damage was caused by partisan compounds, in the ranks of which up to 250 thousand people fought.

Significant success of the Soviet troops in 1943, the diplomatic and military-political cooperation of the USSR, the United States and the UK was activated. On November 28 - December 1, 1943, the Tehran Conference "Big Three" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA) took place.The leaders of the leading powers of the antihytler coalition identified the deadlines for the opening of the second front in Europe (an arrangement Overlord was scheduled for May 1944).

Tehran Conference "Big Troika" with the participation of I. Stalin (USSR), W. Churchill (United Kingdom) and F. Roosevelt (USA).

In the spring of 1944, he was cleared of the enemy of the Crimea.

At these favorable conditions, Western allies, after two-year training, opened the second front in Europe in the north of France. June 6, 1944 United Anglo-American Force (General D.Aizenhuer), who had over 2.8 million people, up to 11 thousand combat aircraft, over 12 thousand combat and 41 thousand transport ships, crossing the strait of La Mans and Pa-De- Kale, began the largest over the war years asphant Norman surgery (Overlord) and in August joined Paris.

Continuing to develop a strategic initiative, Soviet troops in the summer of 1944 launched a powerful offensive in Karelia (June 10 - August 9), Belarus (June 23 - August 29), in Western Ukraine (July 13 - 29) and Moldova (20 - 29 August).

In the course Belarusian operation (code name "Bagration") the group of army "Center" was defeated, the Soviet troops liberated Belarus, Latvia, part of Lithuania, the eastern part of Poland and went to the border with East Prussia.

The victories of the Soviet troops in the southern direction in the autumn of 1944 helped Bulgarian, Hungarian, Yugoslav and Czechoslovak nations in their liberation from fascism.

As a result of the hostilities of 1944, the State Border of the USSR, treacherously disturbed by Germany in June 1941, was restored throughout Barentshev to the Black Sea. The fascists were expelled from Romania, Bulgaria, from most areas of Poland and Hungary. In these countries, the proper regimes were overthrown, patriotic forces came to power. The Soviet army entered the territory of Czechoslovakia.

While the block of fascist states was collapsed, the antihytler coalition was streaked, as evidenced by the success of the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the heads of the USSR, the United States and the United Kingdom (from 4 to 11 February 1945).

But still a decisive role in the defeat of the enemy at the final stage was played by the Soviet Union. Thanks to the titanic efforts of the entire people, the technical equipment and armament of the army and the USSR fleet by the beginning of 1945 reached the highest level. In January - early April 1945, as a result of a powerful strategic offensive on the entire Soviet-German front forces of ten fronts, the Soviet army resolutely defeated the main forces of the enemy. During the East Prussian, Visol-Oder, West Carpathian and Completion of Budapest operations, Soviet troops created conditions for further strikes in Pomerania and Silesia, and then for the attack on Berlin. Almost all Poland and Czechoslovakia were liberated, the whole territory of Hungary.

Taking the capital of the Third Reich and the final defeat of fascism was carried out during Berlin Operations (April 16 - May 8, 1945).

April 30 in the Reichskancellery bunker Hitler committed suicide .

On the morning of May 1, over Reichstag Sergeants M.A. Egorov and M.V. Cantarium was driving a red banner as a symbol of victory to the Soviet people. On May 2, Soviet troops fully mastered the city. Attempts by the New German Government, which on May 1, 1945 after suicide A. Hitler was headed by Gross - Admiral K. Denitz, to achieve a separate world with the United States and the UK failed.

May 9, 1945 at 0 h. 43 min. In the suburb of Berlin, Karlshorst was signed an act on the unconditional surrender of the Armed Forces of Fascist Germany. From the Soviet side, this historical document signed a hero of war, Marshal G.K. Zhukov, from Germany - Feldmarshal Kaitel. On the same day, the remnants of the last major grouping of the enemy were defeated in Czechoslovakia in the Prague area. City Liberation Day - May 9 - became the day of the victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. The news of the victory with lightning speed was separated worldwide. The Soviet people, who suffered the greatest losses, met her in nationwide. Truly, there was a great holiday "with tears in the eyes."

In Moscow on Victory Day, a festive salute from a thousand guns was produced.

Great Patriotic War 1941-1945

Material prepared Sergey Shalyak

On Sunday, June 22, 1941At the dawn of the troops of fascist Germany, without declaring the war, they suddenly attacked the entire Western border of the Soviet Union and caused bombing air strikes on Soviet cities and military joints.

The Great Patriotic War began. She was waiting for her, but still she came suddenly. And the point here is not in the calculation or in the distrust of Stalin's data of intelligence. During the pre-war months, different starts of the start of the war were called, for example, on May 20, and it was a reliable information, but because of the uprising in Yugoslavia, Hitler moved the date of attack on the USSR for more late time. There is another factor, extremely rarely mentioned. This is a successful disinformation action of German intelligence. So, the Germans for all possible channels spread rumors that the attack on the USSR occurs on June 22, but with the direction of the main strike in such an area where it was obviously impossible. Thus, the date looked disinformation, so just on this day the attack was waiting for the least.
And in foreign textbooks on June 22, 1941, it is served as one of the current episodes of the Second World War, while in the textbooks of the Baltic States, this date is considered a positive, which gave "hope for exemption."

Russia

§four. Invasion in the USSR. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War
At dawn on June 22, 1941, Hitler's troops invaded the limits of the USSR. The Great Patriotic War began.
Germany and its allies (Italy, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia) did not have an overwhelming advantage in alive and technique and the main rate was made, according to the plan "Barbarossa", on the factor of a sudden attack, Tactic Blitzkrieg ("Lightning War"). The defeat of the USSR was assumed for two months with the forces of the three groups of the armies (Army Groups "North", which arrived at Leningrad, the Army Group, the "Center" army, which arrived at Moscow, and the "South" armies group arrived at Kiev).
In the early days of the war, the German army inflicted a serious damage to the Soviet Defense System: military headquarters were destroyed, the activities of communication services were paralyzed, strategically important objects were captured. The German army was incurred by a rapid pace of the USSR in a rapid pace, and by July 10, the Army Center "Center" (commander side), capturing Belorussia, went to Smolensk; The Army Group "South" (Commander Four Rundstedt) seized the right-bank Ukraine; The group of army "North" (commander of the background of Leeb) occupied part of the Baltic States. The losses of the Red Army (taking into account the surroundings) amounted to more than two million people. The current situation was for the USSR catastrophic. But the Soviet mobilization resources were very high, and by early July, 5 million people were called to the Red Army, which made it possible to close the bars formed at the front.

V.L.Heifets, L.S. Heifets, KM Severinov. General history. Grade 9. Ed. Academician RAS V.S. Myasnikova. Moscow, publishing house "Ventana-Count", 2013

Chapter XVII. Great Patriotic War of the Soviet people against the German fascist invaders
Verger assault hitler's Germany in the USSR
Performing the grand tasks of the third Stalinist five-year plan and steadily and firmly conducting the policy of the world, the Soviet government at the same time did not forget about the possibility of a new "attack of imperialists to our country. Comrade Stalin tirelessly urged the peoples of the Soviet Union to be in mobilization readiness. In February 1938 In his answer to the letter of Komsomolman Ivanov, Comrade Stalin wrote: "In fact, it would be ridiculous and stupid to turn the eyes on the fact of the capitalist environment and think that our external enemies, for example, the fascists will not try to make a military attack on the USSR."
Comrade Stalin demanded strengthening the defense capability of our country. "It is necessary," he wrote, "to strengthen and strengthen our Red Army, a red fleet, Red Aviation, Osoavihim. It is necessary to keep our whole people in a state of mobilization readiness in the face of the danger of a military attack so that no "randomness" and no focuses of our external enemies could climb us by surprise ... "
The warning of the Comrade Stalin alerted the Soviet people, made him look forward to follow the mistress of enemies and fully strengthen the Soviet army.
The Soviet people understood that the German fascists, led by Hitler, seek to unleash a new bloody war, with the help of which they hope to conquer world domination. Hitler declared the Germans of the "Higher Race", and all other peoples of lower, defective races. With special hatred of Nazis treated slavic peoples And first of all, the Great Russian people, who, not once in his history, spoke to the struggle against German aggressors.
The basis of the Nazis put the plan for military attack and the lightning defeat of Russia during the First World War. This plan provided for the concentration of huge armies on the Western borders of our Motherland, capture for several weeks of the country's life centers and rapid promotion of Russia deep to the Urals. Subsequently, this plan was supplemented and approved by the Hitler's command and received the name plan "Barbarossa".
The monstrous military car of Hitler's imperialists began its movement in the Baltic States, Belarus and Ukraine, threatening the life centers of the Soviet country.

Tutorial "History of the USSR", 10th grade, K.V. Basilevich, S.V. Bakhrushin, A.M. Pankratova, A.V. Fokht, M., Stockedgiz, 1952

Austria, Germany

Chapter "From the Russian campaign to complete defeat"
After a thorough preparation that lasted many months, on June 22, 1941, Germany began against the Soviet Union "War for Full Destruction". Its goal was to conquer the new living space for the German Aryan race. The essence of the German Plan was in a lightning attack, called Barbarossa. It was believed that under the rapid Natios-trained German military car, Soviet troops would not be able to provide decent resistance. For several months, the Hitler's command seriously expelled to reach Moscow. It was assumed that the capture of the capital of the USSR finally demoralizes the enemy and the war will end victory. However, after a series of impressive success in the fields of battles, after a few weeks, the Nazis turned out to be discarded from the Soviet capital for hundreds of kilometers.

Tutorial "History" for grade 7, team of authors, publishing Duden, 2013.

Holt McDigal. The World History.
For senior classes high School, Publishing house Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Pub. Co., 2012

Hitler began planning an attack on its USSR ally back in early 1940. The Balkan countries of Southeast Europe played a key role for the Hitler's invasion plan. Hitler wanted to create a springboard in southeastern Europe to attack the USSR. He also wanted to be sure that the British would not interfere.
In order to prepare for the invasion of Hitler transferred to expand its influence in the Balkans. By the beginning of 1941, threatening the use of force, he convinced Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary to join the countries of the axis. Yugoslavia and Greece, where the ruled governments were ruled, resisted. In early April 1941, Hitler invaded both countries. Yugoslavia fell in 11 days. Greece surrendered after 17 days.
Hitler attacks the Soviet Union. Having established hard control over the Balkans, Hitler could carry out the operation of Barbarossa, his invasion plan in the USSR. Early in the morning of June 22, 1941, Röv German tanks and hum of aircraft marked the beginning of the invasion. The Soviet Union was not ready for this attack. Although he had the biggest army in the world, the troops were neither well equipped or well trained.
The invasion moved a week for a week until the Germans were deepened inside the territory of the Soviet Union by 500 miles (804.67 kilometers. - Ed.). Departing, Soviet troops burned and destroyed everything in the path of the enemy. Russians used such a strategy of the scorched ground against Napoleon.

Section 7. Second world War
The attack on the Soviet Union (the so-called Barbarossa Plan) was carried out on June 22, 1941. The German army, which has numbered about three million soldiers, began an offensive at the three directions: in the north - to Leningrad, in the central part of the USSR - to Moscow and in the south - on the Crimea. Natisk invaders was rapid. Soon, the Germans were besieged by Leningrad and Sevastopol, came close to Moscow. The Red Army suffered heavy losses, but the main goal of the fascists - the capture of the capital of the Soviet Union - never realized. Huge spaces and early Russian winter with a fierce resistance of the Soviet troops and ordinary residents of the country, the German plan of the Lightning War. In early December 1941, parts of the Red Army under the command of General Zhukov moved into a counteroffensive and discarded the enemy's troops by 200 kilometers from Moscow.

Tutorial history for the 8th grade of the basic school (publishing house "Cellion", 2011). Prejend Wayugich and Nadd Stashich.

Never before our people did not belong to the German invasion, otherwise, as decisiveness to defend their land, but when Molotov, a trembling voice reported on the German attack, Estonians felt everything except sympathy. On the contrary, many have hope. The population of Estonia inspiredly welcomed German soldiers as liberators.
Russian soldiers called for medium Estonian dislike. These people were poor, poorly dressed, extremely suspicious, at the same time often very pretentious. The Germans were the Estonians are more familiar. They were merry and fondant music, from the places where they were going, the laughter came and the game on musical instruments.

Lauri Wahtre. Tutorial "Rotary moments of the history of Estonia."

Bulgaria

Chapter 2. Conflict Globalization (1941-1942)
Attack on the USSR (June 1941). On June 22, 1941, Hitler undertook a big offensive against the USSR. Starting the conquest of new territories in the East, Führer proposed in practice the theory of "living space", proclaimed in the book "My struggle" ("Mein Kampf"). On the other hand, the termination of the German-Soviet Covenant again gave the opportunity to Nazi regime to submit himself to a wrestler against communism in Europe: aggression against the USSR was represented by Germanic propaganda as a crusade against Bolshevism in order to exterminate the "Jewish Marxists".
However, this new blitzkrieg converts into a long and exhaust war. Shocked by a sudden attack, bleeding by Stalinist repressions and poorly prepared Soviet army was quickly discarded. For several weeks, the German armies occupied one million square kilometers and reached the surroundings of Leningrad and Moscow. But the fierce Soviet resistance and the rapid arrival of the Russian winter stopped the German offensive: the Wehrmacht could not defeat the enemy in the framework of the same campaign. In the spring period of 1942 it took a new offensive.

Long before the attack on the USSR, the German military-political leadership developed plans for the attack on the USSR and the development of the territory and use of its natural, material and human resources. The future war was planned by a German command as a war on destruction. On December 18, 1940, Hitler signed Directive No. 21, known as Barbarossa Plan. In accordance with this plan, the North Army Group should have stepped at Leningrad, the Army Center "Center" - through Belarus to Moscow, the Group of Army "South" - to Kiev.

Plan "Lightning War" against the USSR
The German command extended to come up to Moscow until August 15, until October 1, 1941, to complete the war against the USSR and create a defensive line against the Asian Russia, by the winter of 1941 to enter the line Arkhangelsk - Astrakhan.
On June 22, 1941, the Great Patriotic War began with the attack of fascist Germany to the Soviet Union. Mobilization was announced in the USSR. Mass character acquired voluntary accession to the Red Army. Wide distribution received folk militia. In the front-line strip, fighter battalions and self-defense groups were created for the protection of important national economic objects. From the territories that the occupation threatened, the evacuation of people and material values \u200b\u200bbegan.
Military actions led the bid of the Supreme Command, established on June 23, 1941. The bid was headed by I. Stalin .ITalia
June 22, 1941
Giardina, G.Sabbatucci, V. Vidotto, Manuale Di Storia. L "Eta`Contemporanea. Tutorial history for graduation class 5 class high school. Bari, Laterza. Tutorial for the 11th grade of High School" Our New History ", Publishing House" Dar Aun ", 2008
With the attack of the Germans to the Soviet Union at the beginning of the summer of 1941, a new phase of war began. The widest front opened in the east of Europe. The United Kingdom was no longer forced to fight alone. The ideological confrontation has simplified and radically discontinued with the termination of the anomalous agreement between the Nazism and the Soviet regime. The International Communist Movement, which occupied after August 1939, the ambiguous position of the condemnation of "opposing imperialism" revised it in favor of alliance with democracy and combating fascism.
The fact that the USSR is the main goal of the expansionist intentions of Hitler, no one for anyone was a mystery, including for Soviet people. However, Stalin believed that Hitler would never attack Russia without finishing the war with the UK. Therefore, when on June 22, 1941, the German offensive (held under the code name "Barbarossa") began on the front of 1600 kilometers long, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, the Russians were not ready, and this lack of readiness, reinforced by the fact that the cleaning of 1937 deprived the Red The army of its best military leaders, facilitated the task of the aggressor first.
The offensive in which the Italian Expeditionary Corps also took part, which Mussolini was sent to the big hurry that dreamed of participating in cross campaign Against the Bolsheviks, continued throughout the summer: in the north through the Baltic States, in the south - through Ukraine in order to achieve oil areas in the Caucasus.